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Tranquillitas Ordinis
Tranquillitas ordinis is a Latin phrase meaning the "tranquility of order" or "well-ordered concord". The term is associated with the Catholic Church tradition of Just War Theory, and is found in the writings of St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, and George Weigel. Depending on the author and the context, the term is used to convey various meanings in Theology and Politics. These meanings include the divine order imposed on the universe and a theoretical framework for peace. "Tranquillitas Ordinis" remains a cornerstone of Catholic teaching on peace. It is included in the framework laid out by Pope John XXIII in his 1963 encyclical, ''Pacem in terris'', and is a featured topic at ''The Global Quest for Tranquillitas Ordinis'', a conference organized by the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences.
== The Augustinian Tradition ==
St. Augustine defines the term "Tranquillitas Ordinis" in Book 19 of the ''City of God'' as "the peace of all things" or "well-ordered concord".〔"Peace between man and God is the well-ordered obedience of faith to eternal law. Peace between man and man is well-ordered concord. Civil peace is a similar concord among the citizens. The peace of the celestial city is the perfectly ordered and harmonious enjoyment of God, and of one another in God. The peace of all things is the tranquillity of order. Order is the distribution which allots things equal and unequal, each to its own place."〕 Augustine links peace with his meaning of order, in which all things in the universe have their proper place established by God, their creator. Peace is therefore the state a person or thing achieves when it is in accordance with the larger created order. In Book 19 St. Augustine describes the Supreme good and discusses efforts people take in order to reach happiness on earth.〔"Augustine reviews the opinions of the philosophers regarding the supreme good, and their vain efforts to make for themselves a happiness in this life; and, while he refutes these, he takes occasion to show what the peace and happiness belonging to the heavenly city, or the people of Christ, are both now and hereafter."〕 While St. Augustine denies the possibility of achieving "Tranquillitas Ordinis" on earth, he notes that aspects of the peace and happiness of heaven may still be found. Centuries later, St. Thomas Aquinas continued the tradition of true peace as "tranquillitas ordinis" in his ''Summa Theologica''. Aquinas built upon the work of St. Augustine and formalized a theory of just war in which the Augustinian root idea of peace as "Tranquillitas Ordinis" is linked to the just war tradition. In the "Summa Theologica" Aquinas describes the theory of just war as comprising a Jus ad bellum and Jus in bello. Jus ad bellum articulates the circumstances under which war may be pursued, while Jus in bello describes correct conduct in war.
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